Primitive Archer

Main Discussion Area => Bows => Topic started by: stuckinthemud on October 10, 2020, 12:06:11 pm

Title: Yew and sinew questions
Post by: stuckinthemud on October 10, 2020, 12:06:11 pm
I am building up to copying this bow.  It is 78cm ttt, 70cm ntn, 2 inches wide and tall at the centre, 1.5 inches tall and wide immediately before the nocks. It is the only example of a totally undocumented and forgotten type, a yew and sinew bow.  I imagine the original bowyer took off the sapwood and smoothed out the lumps and bumps. Do you think the sinew was laid on the back only, or taken around onto the sides, or was the wood notched on the sides and the sinew wrapped around the sides and laid into thr rebates
(https://stuckinthemudsite.files.wordpress.com/2019/09/img_6295.jpg)
(https://stuckinthemudsite.files.wordpress.com/2019/09/img_6298.jpg)

(https://stuckinthemudsite.files.wordpress.com/2019/09/img_6299.jpg)

Title: Re: Yew and sinew questions
Post by: bradsmith2010 on October 10, 2020, 12:11:42 pm
not sure what im looking at, the orientation,,the bow is 27 inches long?
Title: Re: Yew and sinew questions
Post by: PatM on October 10, 2020, 12:22:55 pm
Are you sure there's not vertically stacked horn in the core?
Title: Re: Yew and sinew questions
Post by: stuckinthemud on October 10, 2020, 12:23:50 pm
Yeh, sorry had trouble posting the images, hopefully my edit has sorted things.  The images show the whole thing, a close up of the tip (which proves its not a horn composite), and a close up of the inner third, which is partially covered in decorated parchment
Title: Re: Yew and sinew questions
Post by: stuckinthemud on October 10, 2020, 12:39:42 pm
Are you sure there's not vertically stacked horn in the core?
Fairly sure, not 100 percent. The bow was examined by Micke Dahlstroem who posted here http://www.vikingsword.com/vb/showthread.php?t=7516&page=5&pp=30&highlight=crossbow
Also, there is no horn at the tip and the belly is solid yew, so balance of probabilty is no horn
Title: Re: Yew and sinew questions
Post by: bownarra on October 10, 2020, 12:52:36 pm
Sinew just the back.
Crown it as it appears to be on this example.
Yes remove spawood and only use a flawless piece with no knots and good density.
The key with getting the best bond with yew and collagen glues is sizing it properly with very thin glue 5% or less until you have a glossy coat. As though you were doing a horn to wood joint. Heating it up on the first few coats is a good idea to increase porosity of the wood.
Also that thing has a whole load of sinew on it! Better get shredding!
And I bet it had some significant draw weight with those dimensions.....Do you mean it is as thick as it is wide???
Title: Re: Yew and sinew questions
Post by: stuckinthemud on October 10, 2020, 01:27:54 pm
Quite something isn't it?  For winter hunting in 16th century northern Europe,  this would be the weapon of choice. Steel bows had  a nasty habit of snapping while horn composites lost significant performance in the cold and the wet.  As far as draw weight goes, imagine adding a half inch all round to a 150lb war bow, piking it by 40 inches but then only having a 9 inch draw
Title: Re: Yew and sinew questions
Post by: bownarra on October 11, 2020, 01:34:44 am
Indeed!
Title: Re: Yew and sinew questions
Post by: lonbow on October 11, 2020, 04:05:46 am
Thatīs a nice late gothic crossbow. I would expect that this bow has more than 500 kg draw weight!
Title: Re: Yew and sinew questions
Post by: stuckinthemud on October 11, 2020, 06:08:26 am
Not sure about 500kg, my first yew and sinew to this length and height was 12mm thick at mid limb and draws 70lb at 9 inches but 105lb at 12 inch draw, so, if this bow is 4 times thicker, does that make it 8 times more powerful? Also, using a rough rule of thumb of 10 lb per mm of thickness, I'd  guess draw weight would be 500 lb.  If you could draw it to 12 inches, weight would go up to nearly double that but that s why I need to do ths project, nobody knows for sure what it can do.
Title: Re: Yew and sinew questions
Post by: mmattockx on October 11, 2020, 09:41:26 am
Not sure about 500kg, my first yew and sinew to this length and height was 12mm thick at mid limb and draws 70lb at 9 inches but 105lb at 12 inch draw, so, if this bow is 4 times thicker, does that make it 8 times more powerful?

Limb stiffness is proportional to the thickness cubed. If this bow is 4x thicker than your reference it will be ~64x as stiff, all else being equal. It certainly looks hell for stout, I can't imagine being able to draw it by hand, even to just 9".


Mark
Title: Re: Yew and sinew questions
Post by: lonbow on October 11, 2020, 09:50:17 am
I thought that the draw weight is that high because a friend of mine has built a late medieval crossbow with a draw weight of 1200 lbs (with a composite prod). I think that the prod is a bit wider but flatter than the example you have shown. Your example has a higher cross section, so I think that the draw weight will be higher than 1200 lbs.

Iīm just wonderning how the yew wood can withstand the strain.
Title: Re: Yew and sinew questions
Post by: stuckinthemud on October 11, 2020, 11:08:21 am
These were drawn by winches .   Many, many people have expressed the opinion that bows like this couldn't possibly have actually worked, just been fancy wall hangings.  Its going to be fun finding out.

64 times?  We're gonna need a bigger winch......
Title: Re: Yew and sinew questions
Post by: PatM on October 11, 2020, 11:12:00 am
I can't imagine why people would think they didn't work.  Nobody would put that much effort into the prod for looks.
Title: Re: Yew and sinew questions
Post by: stuckinthemud on October 11, 2020, 11:35:35 am
I know,  I corresponded with a leading warbow expert who didn't proceed with copying the Glasgow museum yew crossbow because one of the UK leading (medieval period ) experts believed it couldnt have possibly been a working bow. Afraid I have a really really really low opinion on theoretical academics.  The Berkhamsted bow was reckoned to have a draw weight of about 150lb even though it is 2 inch by 1.5 inch at centre and 48 inches ttt........
Title: Re: Yew and sinew questions
Post by: DC on October 11, 2020, 11:56:28 am
I'm thinking about the use of this bow. If it was for hunting you would have to get half the village together to cock it before you went out. This would mean it would be braced for long periods of time. Wouldn't it take a lot of set?
Maybe for war. It could be a snipers bow. To cumbersome to load for volleys of shots.
Title: Re: Yew and sinew questions
Post by: lonbow on October 11, 2020, 12:25:50 pm
Such crossbows were used for war, hunting and target shooting. They became obsolete as weapons for war in the early 16th century (at least in Germany). In Scandinavia, crossbows were much longer used as weapons of war.
Ibex horn was regarded as the best material for crossbow prods. Crossbows with wooden prods were not as highly apreciated as composite crossbows. Wooden bows were made with and without sinew backing. Steel prods first came up in the 15th century.

Hereīs Andi shooting one of his reproductions: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rV1w8mFDdU
Title: Re: Yew and sinew questions
Post by: PatM on October 11, 2020, 12:27:05 pm
They used a crank or lever to cock these  or the work was done with the legs, not the arms.  Even with degradation of potential performance  they would be fine to sit in ambush with.
Title: Re: Yew and sinew questions
Post by: stuckinthemud on October 11, 2020, 01:43:59 pm
They were also overbuilt/underdrawn, they were drawn to 9 inches,  for example, even though they had the potential to draw to 14, and so by being unstressed could remain drawn for relatively long periods. 
Title: Re: Yew and sinew questions
Post by: stuckinthemud on October 11, 2020, 02:28:52 pm
Crossbows like this were royal weapons even those with wooden prods, and target shooting was hugely important with every village/town/city/country having their champions but also, aristocratic hunting was not done by sitting in a blind, but with animals being driven toward the shooters. In warfare, according to the teutonic knights, teams of crossbowmen operated using a variety of weapons, with nimble, fast loading lightweight bows protecting the slower loading heavy and superheavy crossbows who could then focus on more suitable targets